Articles

I was trying to get an appropriate definition of the term ‘scale-up’ which we we hear so often and find a very simple definition of the term to be `an increase according to a fixed ratio’. I wish the technique...

DRYING  is a very versatile and important unit process for the Process Industry. The process that results in reduction of  moisture content in a given material is known as DRYING.We will now discuss how to obtain a perfect hot air dryer...

Following are the main material flow patterns and problems routinely encountered by the industries in a storage hopper. The flow patterns are illustrated in the figures given below and measures to fix them with Mass Flow Hopper. Funnel Flow: The material...

Most of chemical reactions encountered in inorganic or organic chemistry involve either release of heat or supply of heat to the reactor where the chemical reaction is in progress. One does not normally come across a chemical reaction which has...

Manufacturing of any chemical in commercial scale involves mutli-step flow of the input material starting with reaction, neutralization, crystalization or precipitation of solids, filtration, washing and drying, as a typical example shows importance optimization of chemical process. The first step...

Process & Instrumentation Diagram usually expressed as `P & I Diagram’ is a vital tool for a Plant Designer. The simplicity or complexity of any manufacturing process is understood through a P & I Diagram During transfer of the manufacturing...